The Role of Models in Science erstanding, doing, and communicating about science. Scientists use models to make predictions and construct explanations for how and why natural henomena (i.e., …

Human-in-the-Loop Models for Accountability in AI-Assisted Clinical Decision-Making Dr. Sofia Lindberg Department of Medical Informatics and Human Factors, Karolinska Institutet,

Adopting this architecture, state-of-the-art models such as DeepSeek-V3 (Liu et al.,2024a) and Kimi-k2 (Team et al.,2025) have further pushed total parameters to hundreds of billions scale.

Modeling approaches Controls analysis uses deterministic models. Randomness and uncertainty are usually not dominant. White box models: physics described by ODE and/or PDE Dynamics, Newton …

We demonstrate that scaling up language models greatly improves task-agnostic, few-shot performance, sometimes even becoming competitive with prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches.

We build and use models to solve problems or answer questions about a system or a class of systems. In science, we usually want to understand how things work, explain patterns that we have observed, …

In this model card, we hope to display Claude 2’s strengths and limi-tations as well as describe the evaluations and safety interventions we have conducted to improve helpfulness, honesty, and …